Intermediate Vocabulary Lesson 13

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Simplified English Verb Structure

簡化英文動詞架構

規則:
1. BE助動詞 + 現在分詞
2. HAVE助動詞 + 過去分詞
3. 其他助動詞 + 原型動詞 (do/does/did/can/shall/will/could/should/would/may/must/might/make/let/help/have)

時間	代名詞	完成式HAVE	進行式BE	主動詞
簡單式 (沒有助動詞)
現在	I			do
現在	He			does
過去	She			did
未來	They will			do
進行式 (BE助動詞)			BE	現在分詞(ing)
現在	I		am	doing
現在	He		is	doing
過去	She		was	doing
未來	They will		be	doing
完成式 (HAVE助動詞)		HAVE	+	過去分詞(ed/en)
現在	I	have		done
現在	He	has		done
過去	She	had		done
未來	They will	have		done
完成進行式 (HAVE+BE助動詞)		HAVE	BE過去分詞	現在分詞(+ing)
現在	I	have	been	doing
現在	He	has	been	doing
過去	She	had	been	doing
未來	They will	have	been	doing

用法

1. 現在簡單式: HOOF
Habit 習慣: I go everyday.
Order 命令式: Do it!
Opinion 意見: I think so.
Fact 事實: He speaks better.

2. 過去簡單式: 指定的時刻
副詞: when, after, before, since, by the time, …
I went at 2:00.
I went yesterday.
I went last week.
It happened on Friday.

3. 現在進行式: 正在發生當中
副詞: now, still
I am washing the dishes.
She’s watching a movie.

4. 過去進行式: 當時正在發生中
搭配: 過去簡單式
I was washing the dishes when the phone rang.
She was watching a movie when I called her.

5. 現在完成式: 一個動作有沒有發生過，或完成了，沒有指定的時刻
副詞: already
I’ve washed the dishes. (碗洗好了)
She’s watched the movie. (電影看完了)
She’s left. (她走了 = 不在了)

6. 過去完成式: 跟過去指定的時刻有關 (當時已經怎樣)
副詞: already
搭配: 過去式
The bank had already closed when I got there.
The movie had already started.
By the time I got to the bus stop, it’d already left.

7. 現在完成進行式: 還沒有完成的動作，強調一段時間
I’ve been studying English for 13 years.
We’ve been seeing each other for 3 years. (我們交往了三年了)

8. 過去完成進行式: 大部分強調不幸的事情
I’d been studying English for a long time. (暗示考試還是被當了，可惜)
They’d been seeing each other for 3 years. (暗示他們分手了，可惜)
He’d been working there for 20 years. (暗示他被裁員，可惜)

Intermediate Vocabulary Lesson 8

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Intermediate Vocabulary Lesson 3

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Asking Directions

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